California Teachers Study

Hormonal and reproductive factors may contribute to urinary bladder cancer risk. Using data from the CTS and the Los Angeles-Shanghai Bladder Cancer Study, researchers found that parous women (women who have had biological children) had at least a 30% reduced risk of developing bladder cancer compared to nulliparous women (women who have not had biological children).

These researchers also found that participants who had used estrogen and progestin menopausal hormone therapy (HT) had a reduced risk of developing urinary bladder cancer compared to women who had not used HT.  Read more here.